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Sunday, 5 June 2016

Stewart vs Jenkinson: safety in motor sport

Safety? It’s an old argument.

Delving through back issues of Motor Sport is always a dangerous business. Even if you know exactly what you’re looking for, time can fly by, and before you know it a whole afternoon has gone. Those old magazines just seem to suck you in.

I’d taken the plunge this month, vowing only to spend 20 minutes as I searched for some suitable words from Denis Jenkinson on Emerson Fittipaldi to run alongside Rob Widdows’ excellent cover story interview in the September issue. A bit of Jenks always adds weight and perspective to an article, and I thought I’d scroll through 1972, the young Brazilian’s first championship year.

For no real reason, I started at the end of the year and worked my way back, scanning through the pages of the computer archive disc (it saves the well-thumbed bound volumes from further wear and tear), trying not to stop and browse when I spotted something interesting or odd – or both. That would be every page, then.

I clicked into the July issue and began to read the Belgian GP report, smiling to myself at DSJ’s derision of the modern Nivelles ‘autodrome’ that had replaced the grand old Spa-Franchorchamps road circuit as the Formula 1 venue for this year. Ah, here was a nice bit where Jenks drew comparison between the young Emmo and the still much-missed Jimmy Clark. Yes, that would work well for the magazine.


But curses, I was ensnared. DSJ’s lack of enthusiasm for Nivelles made me think. Of course. This was the year when the spat between Jenks and Jackie Stewart spilled over juicily into the pages of Motor Sport, wasn’t it? I couldn’t resist, and flicked through to the letters pages. In the August issue, there it was: ‘STEWART ANSWERS HIS CRITICS’.

“Sir, I feel compelled to write in response to Jenkinson’s outburst in attacking me personally in your June issue,” the letter began. No endearing, familiar use of ‘DSJ’ or ‘Jenks’ here. Jackie was clearly wound up.

He was answering our Continental Correspondent’s stinging criticism of his role in convincing sports car drivers not to race in the 1000Kms at Spa, the track that had lost its GP to Nivelles because it was now considered too dangerous for F1. How ironic then, that Stewart had missed Belgian GP on the characterless new circuit because of the ulcer that had ruined his troubled season.

“I try terribly hard devoting considerable time and effort to make motor racing as a whole for as many people as possible – officials, spectators, drivers and even journalists – safer than it has been in the past,” writes Jackie.

“…It is very easy to sit on the fence and criticise – notoriously easy,” he goes on. “You can always find faults in what the other people are doing, but at least they are doing something. All Mr Jenkinson seems to do is lament the past and the drivers who have served their time in it. Few of them, however, are alive to read his writings.”

The letter, inevitably, continues. Jackie repeats his “fence-sitter” accusation to our man, having claimed unconvincingly that he didn’t care what Jenks thought or said about him.

“There is nothing more tragically sad than mourning a man who has died under circumstances which could have been avoided had someone done something beforehand,” he writes. “It therefore always angers me to hear people who oppose an effort to make our sport safer… Such men to me are hypocrites, the only consolation being that in years to come they will probably be looked back on as cranks.

“Whatever Mr Jenkinson thinks, I am a racing driver who loves his sport. The sadness that I have seen and experienced, which could have been avoided, only makes it more detestable to me that your magazine is prepared to project within its pages the sort of thinking that is negative to efforts of others to make motor racing claim fewer lives.”

Crikey. Remember that ulcer, Jackie…


So what had Jenks written to provoke such ire? As the afternoon slipped further away, I turned to Continental Notes in the June issue.

“John Young Stewart – World Champion”, reads the headline in bold type. In the first line Jenks describes his subject as “a certain beady-eyed little Scot” – and the rant begins.

“…his pious whinings have brain-washed and undermined the natural instincts of some young and inexperienced newcomers to Grand Prix racing and removed the Belgian Grand Prix from Spa-Francorchamps,” writes Jenks about half way through. He ends with this: “Can you really ask me in all honesty to admire, or even tolerate, our current reigning World Champion Driver?”

No wonder JYS felt a little aggrieved. Can you imagine such correspondence between a journalist and a driver today, in print for all to see? No, me neither.

In following years, a mutual respect and admiration grew between Jackie and Jenks. But their trenchant disagreements 40 years ago stand as the prime example of changing attitudes in motor racing, spearheaded by Mr Stewart and parried by Mr Jenkinson.

Now, 40 years later, it’s easy to judge. Jackie was, of course, right. But we have to remember the context of the times. Life was as valued as it is today, but the acceptance that death was a price racing drivers should almost expect to pay was a deep-rooted attitude that divided a tough sporting world. To some extent, it always will.

The argument came back to me as I re-read Fittipaldi’s words to Rob on our latest pages. Emerson tells us he almost quit three times in the early 1970s because of the danger and death that surrounded him. He loved motor racing, but it scared him, just as it did his friends and rivals.

Except he didn’t know it then, because to admit it would have risked ridicule. In some ways, that made men like Jackie Stewart the bravest of the lot.

There’s more food for thought in the September issue provided by Pat Symonds, the latest racing figure to enjoy lunch with Simon Taylor. As you read Pat’s story, you might ask yourself how we should judge a man found guilty of cheating. The stark account of his “serious error of judgement in the heat of competition” at the Singapore GP of 2008 makes for a riveting read. This likeable and very brilliant man knows he made a terrible mistake and has paid a heavy price. Now he is preparing to return to the sport he loves.


You’ll also find details in the September issue of our poll results from last month. We asked you to vote for your favourite British World Champion – and this was another lights to flag (or to be truly accurate, flag to flag) victory for the fastest sheep farmer we’ve ever seen: Jimmy Clark. The adulation for him clearly remains undimmed.

We’re running a another poll this month: who do you think will win the 2012 F1 World Championship? Get involved, cast your vote and we’ll let you know the results next time. Until then, enjoy the issue.

FEATURE-Motor racing-After 'Rush', F1 safety hits the screens

LONDON, Dec 27 (Reuters) - Francois Cevert had the most piercing blue eyes, the presence of a movie star and a Gallic charm that melted hearts wherever he went.

Those eyes, that gaze glimpsed through the visor slit of a 1970s helmet, are still haunting in the Formula One documentary '1; Life on the Limit' due to be released in selected British cinemas in January and then further afield.

A pitlane heart-throb, the Parisian was a hero of more carefree times - one moment escorting Brigitte Bardot or playing the concert piano and the next risking his life in the most dangerous and glamorous of arenas.

More than a decade before Alain Prost captured his first title in 1985, it was Cevert - Jackie Stewart's friend and team mate at Tyrrell - who had seemed destined to become France's first world champion.

Instead, at the age of just 29, he died in qualifying for the 1973 U.S. Grand Prix at Watkins Glen.

The sense of what might have been, the waste of so much young talent in those 'golden' years when sex was safe and motor racing frequently fatal, hangs over the film without sensationalism, recrimination or gratuitous gore.

"We all know, every one of us, that death is in our contract," Cevert had declared earlier in his career. He knew the risks, loved the sport, lived - and died - for racing.

The story of Formula One combines both horror and heroism, evident in the archive footage, and in later years has focused on the fight to reduce the carnage and improve safety as attitudes common enough in the immediate decades after World War Two began to change.

'1' has been long in the making, with a preview shown in Austin last year during the first grand prix weekend at the Texas track and then at this year's London Film Festival, but the timing looks right.

Anyone who has seen 'Rush', the Ron Howard movie with Daniel Bruhl playing Niki Lauda to Chris Hemsworth's James Hunt, will be familiar with the dramatic 1976 season and the Austrian's comeback from a near-fatal crash at the Nuerburgring.

The same applies to fans of 'Senna', the multiple award-winning film about the life and death of Brazilian triple champion Ayrton Senna.

The latest documentary complements the previous two films, connecting storylines and filling in the background with the drama provided by original footage.
ARCHIVE FOOTAGE

Narrated by German-Irish actor Michael Fassbender, star of 'X-Men' and 'Inglourious Basterds', and directed by Paul Crowder, '1' charts Formula One's progress from 1950s insouciance to the modern era where drivers expect to walk away from big crashes.

It includes interviews with Stewart, Stirling Moss, Mario Andretti, Jacky Ickx, Lauda and Nigel Mansell as well as more recent racers Lewis Hamilton, Sebastian Vettel and Michael Schumacher.

Formula One's 83-year-old commercial supremo Bernie Ecclestone and Max Mosley, former president of the governing International Automobile Federation (FIA), also have their say as key players in the battle to improve safety and men who lost friends along the way.

While younger audiences may not be familiar with the history, the fascination for the committed F1 fan lies in the archive material.

We see Jim Clark at home in rural Scotland and witness the shock and confusion on the faces of spectators in the Hockenheim grandstand in 1968 when his death was announced over tinny loudspeakers before flags were lowered.

There is the tear gently rolling down the cheek of Professor Sid Watkins, who died in 2012, as the eminent neurosurgeon and F1 doctor recalls his last conversation with Senna.

There is the poignancy of Austrian Jochen Rindt, the only posthumous world champion, asking his wife shortly before his death at Monza in 1970 what one thing she would wish for.

"For you to stop racing," she replies.

Then there is Cevert. The camera follows Colin Chapman, the Lotus team boss who was already no stranger to fatalities in his own cars, pacing anxiously in the pitlane as he sought information from others about the Oct. 6 accident.

"Cevert? Bloody Hell," he sighs.

Stewart did not compete the next day, or ever again in Formula One. He had already decided to quit as champion, with Cevert - who had not been told of the plans - set to take over as Tyrrell number one.

"We arranged to send flowers to his mother and to his grave on that date of every year that followed, until she passed away," the Scot, who likened the Frenchman to a younger brother, wrote in his autobiography 'Winning is not enough'.

The triple champion has continued to do so ever since.

FLYING SHUNT

Many others had been mourned already, including promising young Briton Roger Williamson who died earlier in 1973 after a fiery crash at Zandvoort in the Netherlands.

The footage of that accident, with the driver trapped in the flaming upside-down wreck while David Purley struggles in vain to rescue him while the race carried on, remains stomach-churning 40 years on. The viewer is spared nothing.

How much has changed since Senna's death in 1994 is emphasised by the opening shots of Martin Brundle running down the pitlane after a terrifying, flying shunt in Melbourne in 1996 that broke his Jordan in two.

He was unscathed, getting back in a spare for the re-start.

A generation of drivers has now grown up that has never suffered the loss of one of their own at a racetrack, nor started a season wondering whose funeral they might be attending before the year was out.

But there can be no complacency even now, with 2014 marking the 20th anniversary of the last driver fatality (Senna). As Mosley, who started the same Formula Two race in which Clark was killed, observes quietly: "One is always haunted by the past." (Editing by Ed Osmond)

JACKIE STEWART SHOWS WHY GREAT DRIVERS ARE SMOOTH DRIVERS

There are many ways of insulting people, says former championship race car driver Jackie Stewart, and one of the surest is to tell them they are bad drivers.

"They won't believe you," he said. "It's tough for people to admit they don't do it right."Stewart had plenty of driving advice for a group of automotive journalists who gathered early one recent morning at Ford Motor Co.'s test track for a critique from the diminutive Scotsman of their automotive technique.

One might expect that Stewart, as the winner of 27 World Championship Grand Prix victories, would be giving instruction in how to take curves at 120 mph and the best way to pass a competitor on an asphalt course. While he guided and, in some cases, coaxed drivers around Ford's track at high speed, his instruction surprisingly emphasized smoothness before speed.

"Good driving for me is smooth driving," said Stewart, who is a consultant to Ford. "If I abuse my car, mechanically, the chances are I simply will not get reliability."

Stewart's driving record may be the best example of him practicing what he preaches. Except for a broken wrist suffered during practice in 1968, he did not see a major injury in his 12-year racing career.

The best drivers in the world, he said, have never appeared to be driving dramatically. But the smooth, unflashy style of drivers such as legendary champion Stirling Moss and current Formula One racers Nelson Piquet and Alain Proust has won them race after race, said Stewart.

"It would be ideal if I would be the best chauffeur in the world," he said.

Think of an important passenger, short-sighted with his newspaper close to his face, Stewart tells pupils. At no time should the movement of the car knock the passenger off the seat or even cause the newspaper to touch his nose.

Developing smoothness, for Stewart, depends first of all on the correct driving technique. His method includes things as simple as keeping hands in the traditional "ten and two" position on the steering wheel, which Stewart said offers the driver balance and control.

He also teaches that it is important that a driver be properly and comfortably seated, with arms slightly bent but with enough tension on the wheel to keep charge of the car. Race car drivers, contrary to popular opinion, do not drive lying virtually on their backs, nor do they keep a loose hand barely touching the bottom of the steering wheel, as do many American drivers.

Stewart also is a firm advocate of wearing safety belts.

Foot placement is also important for Stewart, who tells drivers to plant their feet in an automobile as if they are standing on the deck of a yacht in rough weather. He does not believe that drivers of automatic-transmission autos should use the left foot for braking, but instead must keep that foot fixed for leverage.

In the proper position, said Stewart, "It doesn't matter if you're a big fellow or a man of average height like me. You can still control the car."

Driving with Stewart, far from being a frightening trip with smoking tires, is a learning experience whether he or his pupil is at the wheel. Writers who rode with Stewart around the Ford track received a non-stop commentary in his familiar, high-pitched tones on the proper way to read a curve, the way to make the most of a straight-away strip of road, and how to be cured of the tendency to "overdrive" a car.

Stewart, an advocate of new anti-lock braking systems for production automobiles, is severely critical of motorists who screech to a stop from a high rate of speed. "Let the brakes up so that the car rolls to a stop," he said to the writers.

Instead of waiting until the last possible second before shifting to a higher gear, which can jolt the car, shift early and accelerate from there, he advised the group.

By the end of the instruction, Stewart had the reporter handling the myriad of test track curves at double the speed and immeasurably smoother than on the first revolution.

Stewart, whose instruction is available to a wide audience through a videotape and book, proved to be a teacher whose lessons stayed with his students. Writers comparing notes a few days after the class found that when they got into their own cars, they often heard Stewart's voice giving them commands and reminding them not to fall into a particular bad habit.

"That must be a nightmare," laughed Stewart when told of the audio apparition.

Total Recall: Jackie Stewart On Buying His First Rolex

Three-time Formula One champion Sir Jackie Stewart is the dream ambassador for any sponsor. When he signs a partnership with a brand he doesn’t just extol its virtues, he immerses himself in its products. None more so than Rolex.

Stewart may be most famous for his racing days but what isn’t so well-known is that he is also at the heart of some of the biggest sponsorship deals in F1. He brought consumer goods giant Unilever into the sport and works with F1’s global partner, the investment bank UBS. But perhaps his most well-known partnership is with luxury watchmaker Rolex.

“I have got a contract with UBS as well as the Rolex contract which I’ve had for 38 years,” says the Scot over tea in London’s plush Berkeley hotel which he calls home when he visits the British capital. Despite being aged 76 Stewart doesn’t just remember when he signed his deal with Rolex, he goes into great detail about when he bought his first watch made by the Swiss brand.

“I signed in 1968 with [golf champion] Arnold Palmer and [World Cup alpine ski racer] Jean-Claude Killy. Arnold was already well established. By ‘68 he was still king and very much king. It was April when we signed and Jean-Claude had just come out of winning three gold medals at the Olympics for skiing. He won the slalom, the giant slalom and the downhill. Nobody had ever done that in history. We were the three to be taken on.” 


As a Rolex Testimonee Stewart is still the face of the watchmaker and last weekend promoted the brand at F1’s flagship race, the Monaco Grand Prix.

He reveals that winning the race for the first time “was one of the greatest moments in my racing career. It is every racing driver’s dream to not only race [in Monaco], but to win the prestigious Grand Prix and I am incredibly proud to have achieved it three times.”

Stewart seems to have total recall of his racing career and that even extends to his spare time at the track. One question yields a detailed description of events which seem fresh in his mind now despite taking place 50 years ago.

“I first bought a Rolex way back in 1966 when I went to Indianapolis and the Indy money then was big in comparison to Formula One money. I had more or less just started and had always wanted to buy a Rolex. It was one of those things. I qualified the car and that’s when I got paid. You got paid an amount of money to sign then you got paid an amount of money to qualify and you got paid another lot of money to do the race.

“So I said ‘I just want to buy a Rolex’ and John Mecom, who I was driving for, was a big oil man, hotels and newspapers and banks. He said, ‘I know a Rolex dealer, I’ll take you there.’ So I bought a yellow-gold President Bracelet top of the line Rolex and it’s great. So I already had one almost a year before I signed up.”

INDIANAPOLIS, IL – SEPTEMBER 28: Sir Jackie Stewart poses with the new Ford GT before the Formula One United States Grand Prix on September 28, 2003 in Indianapolis, Indiana. (Photo by Clive Rose/Getty Images)

Ever the promoter, Stewart famously tailored his shirts a couple of inches short on his left cuff to allow his Rolex to be seen at all times. He learned these kind of tricks from master marketeer Mark McCormack, the founder of talent management group IMG. Stewart was one of the crown jewels in his stable

“I signed with Mark in ‘68 and he was the best in the world in sport. He was big in golf and tennis and represented Chris Evert, Jimmy Connors, John McEnroe, right back to Rod Laver.

“I signed up because I had read Arnold Palmer’s book about how he got into the business side through Mark. Rolex was his first deal for me and I think it was his first deal with Jean-Claude. He did the deal with Arnold and Jean-Claude all in the same package. Mark managed Arnold then Jack Nicklaus then everybody else.”

After clinching three F1 titles Stewart retired in 1973 and went on to become a color commentator for ABC’s Wide World of Sports. In 1997 he launched F1 outfit Stewart Grand Prix which scored five podiums and one race win for Britain’s Johnny Herbert at the European Grand Prix in 1998.

The team was sold to Ford for a reported $100 million in 1999 and by then it had boosted Stewart’s business contacts by attracting a suite of blue chip brands. “When I started, our sponsors were the government of Malaysia, HSBC, Sanyo, Hewlett Packard, Bridgestone and the Lear Corporation,” says Stewart adding that he was one of the team’s selling points.

“One of the assets was me. The first Grand Prix of the year was in Australia and I’d already won the Australian Grand Prix so everybody knew who Jackie Stewart was. So we had more press and that’s what I said – even if we aren’t winning we will get more press for the first year because every country we went to I had more or less won the Grand Prix there. I haven’t won Portugal and I hadn’t won Brazil but that was about it. So it helped the sponsors and that was the asset.”

There is an aura about Stewart. The waiters fuss around him as he sits down for tea and even though he is dressed in jogging gear after a trip to the gym, he exudes the gravitas of an A-Lister. Stewart is one of few F1 personalities who has enjoyed a high level of fame over several decades. He still has the same looks which were known the world over in his hey-day and it adds to his air as a living legend.

All of this has helped him build up a contacts book which reads like a roll call of the great and the good. They range from fellow Scot Sean Connery and Phil Collins, who bought Stewart’s sprawling Swiss estate, to Disney boss Bob Iger and Britain’s Princess Anne.

ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES – NOVEMBER 20: Prince Harry, Philip Green, Sir Jackie Stewart and Arnaud Boetsch, Communication & Image Director of Rolex, attend the Sentebale Polo Cup presented by Royal Salute World Polo at Ghantoot Polo Club on November 20, 2014 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. (Photo by Chris Jackson/Getty Images for Royal Salute)
In 2012 Stewart put his contacts to use again by working with F1’s chief executive Bernie Ecclestone to make Rolex a global partner and official timepiece of the series.

“I was deeply involved with Bernie in putting the deal together because I had access to the company whether it was the chairman, the CEO or the head of marketing. Bernie called me because he knew I was with Rolex.” Stewart reveals that the high-octane mix which knocks out potential sponsors starts with a trip to a high-tech F1 team factory followed by a visit to F1’s mobile television production suite and finally an up-close-and-personal look at the track invasion by fans at the finale of the Italian Grand Prix in Monza.

“I guarantee you I sold Unilever into Formula One because of Monza. Before we got to Monza I took the CEO and his wife to the Lotus factory. High technology, beautiful machines, immaculate facilities. Then you stay at the Four Seasons in Milan then you fly them by helicopter to the track and then they see all the fans in my case asking for autographs. You don’t get that at the football field, you’re not faced with the crowd.

“Then you take them up to Bernie’s production unit – there’s nothing like it in the world. Nothing like it at all. ABC television for the Olympics never had it that good. Then just before the end of the race you take them to see the podium. They see the end of the race and the teams getting excited by the success and suddenly there’s an avalanche. They are all screaming their heads off. Then the guys leave the podium and all of sudden someone sees me and the whole crowd starts chanting ‘Jackie, Jackie Jackie’. The frenzy of it, the animal instincts of it all. The man from Unilever was taken aback.”

It did the trick and Unilever signed up to sponsor Lotus with its Rexona deodorant brand before switching to Britain’s Williams team in 2014.

Stewart’s timeless popularity explains why his partnerships last so long. “I’m still with Moët & Chandon and have been there for 47 years. Ford was 40 years but I resigned 40 years to the day that I joined in 1964.”

One of his few partnerships which didn’t stand the test of time was with the private equity firm Genii. It controlled the Lotus F1 team until last year when it was sold to French auto manufacturer Renault. In December British newspaper the Daily Telegraph revealed that Genii had been paid just $1.50 (£1) for a 90% stake in the team and had written off the $145.6 million of loans it had given the outfit to keep its wheels turning. Genii has retained a 10% stake in a bid to drive a profit but it will be no mean feat.

Over the five years that Genii was at the wheel, the team burned up a combined net loss of $273 million. Its woes burst into the public eye last year when another British newspaper, the Express, revealed that courts had ordered it to clear nearly $1 million of unpaid debts.

Stewart was a partner of the Genii Business Exchange networking club but says “I’m not with Genii any more. They are very big on property and I think they have considerable wealth in property which is probably not liquidity. It gives them a cashflow on all their rentals but I don’t think it gives them large sums of money that they could keep a Formula One team going with. Keeping up with it monthly frankly. So I didn’t see it coming but I saw it when it developed to that level and I just didn’t think they could afford me and that’s the reason. Nice guys and wonderful facilities though.”

Except for this small bump in the road, Stewart has a spotless track record of picking long-lasting partnerships. He has clearly found the formula for this and with a bulging black book it is surely only a matter of time before he toasts yet another major F1 partnership.

Rolex already had close ties with motor sport dating back to the 1930s when Sir Malcolm Campbell became the first driver to break the 300 mile per hour barrier at the wheel of his Bluebird car. Stewart boosted the watch company’s profile in motorsport as he had already won several races by the time he signed up with Rolex and the following year he won his first F1 championship.

“The role to begin with was relatively quiet in the sense of not a lot of use [of me] but [I was] being used in advertising. I think the first advert they did was me in a Matra and the headline was ‘if you were racing here today you would be wearing a Rolex’. So it was you looking at me kind of thing.”

Stewart, Jackie

Scottish race car driver
The name Jackie Stewart is synonymous in America with auto racing. The series he became a legend of, Formula One (F1), however, is virtually unknown in the States. Arguably the most watched sport internationally, F1 is the most advanced auto racing series in the world. From 1964-73, The "Wee Scot" established a race-win record in his trademark tartan helmet that remained unbroken in F1 for fourteen years. His driving style has been characterized as smooth, precise, persistent, consistent, and remarkably quick. Off the track, he is known to be good natured and humorous. Beyond his illustrious career, Stewart's greatest contribution to motorsports may be his relentless campaign for track and driver safety after surviving a crash in 1966. He became a household
name in the 1970s and 1980s as a commentator for ABC's Wide World of Sports, and maintained a partnership for Ford Motor Company for three decades. The F1 squad he launched with his son became Jaguar Racing.

Put Down Gun To Get Behind Wheel

Stewart was born June 11, 1939 in Dumbartonshire, Scotland. He began competitive shooting at age fourteen, and discovered something he was very good at. After frustrating experiences in school, he quit at age fifteen to work at Dumbuck's, his family's garage, and apprentice as a mechanic. It was not until later that he was diagnosed with dyslexia, which explained his difficulties with learning. Stewart's brother Jimmy was an accomplished semi-professional driver for the Scottish Ecurie Ecosse team by the time Stewart first drove an old race car on the snowy streets of Dumbartonshire. When Jimmy crashed soon after, the younger Stewart was warned away from motorsports, and encouraged to pursue his marksmanship talents.

The young Scot excelled in shooting, winning British, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, and English trap shooting championships between 1959-62. He began to find his way back to racecar driving against his parents' wishes after failing to make the 1960 British Olympic shooting team. He was twenty-three years olda late bloomer in auto racingwhen he drove his first race at the Scottish airfield circuit Charterhall in 1962. He also married his wife Helen that year. By 1963 Stewart was driving for his brother's old team, Ecurie Ecosse, and was noticed by race team manager Ken Tyrell. Stewart out drove Bruce McLaren, already an experienced F1 driver, in a test for Tyrell. McLaren would later head the formidable McLaren racing team. Tyrell's offer to let Stewart drive for him in the British Formula Three series in 1964, and Stewart's subsequent domination of the series, pushed the young driver into the spotlight as an F1 hopeful.

Stewart made a calculated decision about his 1965 start in F1 racing. He turned down an offer from the legendary Team Lotus to drive alongside fellow Scot Jim Clark in lieu of a more competitive spot alongside Graham Hill on the BRM team. Clark's firm position as Lotus' number-one driver would have placed Stewart chronically in his shadow. At BRM, the hungry young driver would be able to shine. At the time of his death in 1968, Clark was the winningest F1 driver in history, with twenty-five career wins. Though he drove for BRM in 1965, Stewart made his F1 debut in a Lotus car. He guest drove the Lotus, qualifying in pole position in the nontitle Rand Grand Prix in South Africa in December 1964.

Survived Near-Fatal Crash A Champion

Stewart placed in the top six spots, earning championship points in his first six Grand Prix races. He qualified in pole position for a nonchampionship race at Goodwood, and beat World Champion John Surtees into second place in the International Silverstone Trophy race. He beat teammate Graham Hill to the finish line at the 1965 Italian Grand Prix at Monza. He finished the season third overall for the World Championship, an amazing finish for a rookie driver. The 1966 season started promisingly with a win for Stewart at Monaco, but technical problems kept him out of the competition for the remainder of the season, and he finished sixth in the World Championship. He almost won the Indianapolis 500 that year, his first, but mechanical failure took him out of the race with only eight laps to go.

When he entered F1, the sport was "horrendously dangerous," he is quoted as saying in Forbes. "There were no seat belts worn, the medical care was pathetic, and there was no firefighting equipment to speak of." Stewart witnessed the deaths of many friends and rivals during his racing career, Jim Clark, Jochen Rindt, and Francois Cevert among them. Like all F1 drivers of the time, Stewart was driving without a seatbelt when he crashed during the Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps in 1966. He ran off the track while driving 165 mph in heavy rain, and proceeded to crash into a telephone pole and a shed before driving into a farmer's outbuilding. A ruptured fuel tank filled the cockpit with fuel, and could have ignited at the tiniest spark with Stewart trapped inside. He was extracted from what could easily have been a fatal crash, having suffered broken ribs and shoulder and rib injuries.

Chronology

1939 Born June 11 in Dumbartonshire, Scotland
1953 Begins competition shooting
1954 Leaves school to work in family gas station
mid-1950s First drives Auston 16; brother Jimmy is injured in crash and retires from racing
1959-62 Wins British, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, and English trap shooting championships
1960 Fails to make the British Olympic shooting team
1962 Drives first race at Charterhall
1962 Marries wife Helen
1963 Drives for Scottish Ecurie Ecosse team in a Cooper-Monaco sportscar
1964 Drives the British Formula Three championship in a Cooper-BMC
1964 Turns down prestigious Lotus F1 team position, signs with BRM
1964 Drives as guest for Lotus in the Rand Grand Prix
1965 Debuts with BRM and earns sixth place in South African Grand Prix
1965 Wins Italian Grand Prix at Monza
1966 Crashes during Belgian Grand Prix, becomes a champion of F1 safety reform
1967 Leaves BRM for new Tyrell team
1968 Loses F1 World Championship to Graham Hill
1969 Wins first F1 World Championship
1971 Wins F1 World Championship
1973 Wins F1 World Championship, retires with record twenty-seven Grand Prix wins
1973 Joins ABC Wide World of Sports; signs with Ford as engineering consultant
1997 Launches Stewart Racing team with son Paul
2001 Is knighted by the Queen of England

Related Biography: Driver Jim Clark

Fellow Scot Jim Clark was the greatest racing driver on the track when Jackie Stewart entered F1. Competition between the legend and the rookie promised to develop into a rich rivalry, but Clark died before Stewart had fully hit his stride. Born March 4, 1936 in Kilmany, Scotland, Clark, like Stewart, went into racing against his parents' wishes. He proved his mettle at first in friends' cars, but began to attract attention in the Jaguar D Type he drove for the Border Reivers team. After plans for an Aston Martin Grand Prix team collapsed, he signed with Lotus to drive in the Formula Two and Formula Junior series. His relationship with the manufacturer carried him into F1 with the team, which was running the fastest cars, though not always the most mechanically reliable. He first raced F1 in 1960, and was a leading contender until his death. He won the World Championship in 1963, and was challenged by newcomer Stewart for the 1965 title, which he also took home. Reserved and gentlemanly, Clark preferred his family and farm in Scotland to the cosmopolitan life of an F1 driver. He was just beginning to come into his own in the spotlight when he died. Still considered by many the greatest racing driver in history, Clark was killed April 7, 1968 in a crash at Hockenheim.
Stewart emerged from the experience a lifelong champion of safety reform who instituted countless changes in auto racing safety regulations. He was able to return to the driver's seat after a few weeks, and never again drove without a seatbelt, full-faced helmet, and fireproof racing suit. BRM head Louis Stanley backed Stewart's safety campaign to improve track and car standards and medical facilities. Track improvements in the name of safety that were unpopular with circuit owners have now become

the norm. "If I have any legacy to leave the sport I hope it will be seen to be in an area of safety," Stewart is quoted as saying on the Grand Prix Hall of Fame Web site, "because when I arrived in Grand Prix racing, socalled precautions and safety measures were diabolical."

Went Out On Top

After a lackluster 1967 season with BRM, Stewart had outgrown the fading team, and signed on to drive once again for Ken Tyrell, who was heading up a new F1 team. The German Grand Prix at Nurburgring may be Stewart's greatest race, according to Formula One Art & Genius online. He drove the fourteen-mile, 187-corner track in torrential rain and with a broken wrist, and beat Graham Hill to the finish line. "I can't remember doing one more balls-out lap of the 'Ring than I needed to," he is quoted as saying online at Formula One Art & Genius. "It gave you amazing satisfaction, but anyone who says he loved it is either a liar or wasn't going fast enough." Stewart lost the World Championship to Hill that year, coming in second, but clinched his first World Championship title in Tyrell's Matra-Ford in 1969. He qualified at the front of the pack often during the 1970 season, but did not regain the World Championship until 1971. Stomach ulcers kept him off the track for many races of the 1972 season, but returned in 1973 to drive another World Championship season. Unknown to his fans, Stewart had decided early in the season that the year would be his last.

Just thirty-four years old, Stewart announced his retirement in 1973, after winning his third Grand Prix title. "The key in life," Stewart told Sports Illustrated in 2002, "is deciding when to go into something and when to get out of it." He broke Jim Clark's record with twenty-seven career Grands Prix out of 99 entered, a record that remained until Alain Prost broke it in 1987. He was named both Sports Illustrated 's Sportsman of the Year, and Wide World of Sport's Athlete of the Year, an honor he shared that year with football player O.J. Simpson . Stewart, who has admitted that he "got big-headed" during this time, according to ABC Sports online, is also quick to point out, humorously, that the race horse Secretariat was chosen third for the ABC honor. Secretariat apparently was not in contention for the World, British, and Scottish Sportsman of the Year awards, which Stewart also won in 1973. Stewart had managed to become a legendary racing driver while remaining alive and in one piece, which is in itself an accomplishment.

Retirement Was A Relative Term

He had managed to beat the odds in auto racing and had come out on top, but Stewart also was "just plain bored, burned out, restless," Duncan Christy wrote in Forbes. "Where was I going?" he recalled asking himself. "What else was there to do? It was the same old ground. I could have stayed on as a racing car driver. I mean, Mario [Andretti] is the same age as I am. A.J. Foyt is a lot older. But I would never have developed; I would never have expanded as an individual."

Retirement meant nothing to Stewart; it kept him out of the cockpit but, career-wise, he remained very much in the driver's seat. He has worked as an advisor and ambassador for several international companies, including Ford and Goodyear Tire. "I knew it would be a good way to make money without the capital investment and risk necessary when you go into business yourself." He signed a five-year contract as an engineering consultant for Ford Motor Company, working with Ford engineers to improve handling. "American cars used to be like pregnant elephants," he told U.S. News & World Report, "Now, at least, Fords have become lean and clean in their response."

Stewart also joined ABC's Wide World of Sports as a commentator, which made him a household name in the 1970s and 1980s. "Wide World of Sports had a considerable impact on my life in general," Stewart is quoted as saying at ABC Sports online. "As a race driver it projected me in a way in the United States of America. I would otherwise never have been able to be put in the minds of sports fans in America. It helped my commercial life, my business life, and it helped my racing life. It was a good thing for me to have done." He was voted Wide World of Sports' Personality of the Year in 1973, which he was particularly honored by. "There's not country in the world that could give your sports people more focus or more illumination," Stewart told ABC Sports online. In "such a galaxy" of American sports personalities, it was a "big thing" to be non-American and win the award. Stewart also has admitted that his title, "winningest driver in the history of Grand Prix," was like currency in his many lucrative business deals.

Stewart moved his family to Switzerland to avoid strict British tax laws early in his racing career, and he has long been known for his globetrotting lifestyle. Stewart travels upwards of 400,000 miles a year on the Concorde or in his private jet. Though his friend Prince Charles did not knight him until 2001, Sir Stewart has always kept company with royalty and celebrities, who adore him. He has rubbed elbows with Sean Connery, Prince Edward, Steven Spielberg, and Jordan's King Hussein, to name a few. Beatle George Harrison taught his sons to play guitar. Helen Stewart is godmother to Princess Anne's daughter Zara.

Awards and Accomplishments

1965 Wins Italian Grand Prix at Monza
1965 Third place, F1 World Championship
1966 Seventh place, F1 World Championship
1967 Ninth place, F1 World Championship
1968 Second place, F1 World Championship
1969, 1971, 1973 F1 World Championship
1970 Sixth place, F1 World Championship
1972 Second place, F1 World Championship
1973 World record for 27 career wins
1973 Named World Wide of Sports Athlete of the Year and Personality of the Year; named World, British, and Scottish Sportsman of the Year; and Sports Illustrated 's Sportsman of the Year
2001 Knighted by Queen of England
2001 Named Scotsman and Woman of the Year with wife Helen

Where Is He Now?

Stewart founded a shooting school at Scotland's prestigious Gleneagle Hotel in the early 1980s. Nearly thirty years after joining forces with Ford, he signed on in February 2002 for another three years in research and development with the American auto company. He has served since 1995 as president of the Scottish Dyslexia Trust. He has also been on the boards of and a spokesman for Moet & Chandon champagne and Rolex watches. Stewart's wife Helen was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2001 just eighteen months after their son Paul was told he had colon cancer, which went into remission. "For years she stood waiting to see if I would survive a race; now it's me waiting," Stewart is quoted as saying by Sports Illustrated in 2002. "The past two years are probably the toughest thing I've had to deal with in my life." Stewart's younger son Mark, who runs a television production company, is making a four-part documentary of his father's life called The Flying Scot.
All in all, Stewart's long-held record earns him status in motor-racing history, but his impact on the sport is much greater than statistics can show. Every driver on the track has Stewart to thank for the safety mandates he championed that have saved many lives. Because of his American media exposure, he is surely the most-known F1 driver in the States. But his reputation as a class-act sportsman and businessman are the result of a lifetime of integrity and good humor both on and off the track.

FURTHER INFORMATION

Books

Henry, Alan. Grand Prix Champions: From Jackie Stewart to Michael Schumacher. Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International, 1995.

Periodicals

Bechtel, Mark. "Catching up with Jackie Stewart, Auto racer September 6, 1971." Sports Illustrated (February 25, 2002): 19.
Bronson, Gail. "As stars hawk their hidden talentssome have more than a famous face and name to sell." U.S. News & World Report (February 17, 1986): 44.
Christy, Duncan. "Jackie Stewart aims to please." Forbes (May 10, 1993): 118.
"The art of pit-stop management." Economist (August 10, 1996): 52.