Scottish race car driver
The name Jackie Stewart is synonymous in
America with auto racing. The series he became a legend of, Formula One
(F1), however, is virtually unknown in the States. Arguably the most
watched sport internationally, F1 is the most advanced auto racing
series in the world. From 1964-73, The "Wee Scot" established a race-win
record in his trademark tartan helmet that remained unbroken in F1 for
fourteen years. His driving style has been characterized as smooth,
precise, persistent, consistent, and remarkably quick. Off the track, he
is known to be good natured and humorous. Beyond his illustrious
career, Stewart's greatest contribution to motorsports may be his
relentless campaign for track and driver safety after surviving a crash
in 1966. He became a household
name in the 1970s and 1980s as a commentator for ABC's Wide World of
Sports, and maintained a partnership for Ford Motor Company for three
decades. The F1 squad he launched with his son became Jaguar Racing.
Put Down Gun To Get Behind Wheel
Stewart was born June 11, 1939 in Dumbartonshire, Scotland.
He began competitive shooting at age fourteen, and discovered something
he was very good at. After frustrating experiences in school, he quit
at age fifteen to work at Dumbuck's, his family's garage, and apprentice
as a mechanic. It was not until later that he was diagnosed with
dyslexia, which explained his difficulties with learning. Stewart's
brother Jimmy was an accomplished semi-professional driver for the
Scottish Ecurie Ecosse team by the time Stewart first drove an old race
car on the snowy streets of Dumbartonshire. When Jimmy crashed soon
after, the younger Stewart was warned away from motorsports, and
encouraged to pursue his marksmanship talents.
The young Scot excelled in shooting, winning British, Scottish,
Irish, Welsh, and English trap shooting championships between 1959-62.
He began to find his way back to racecar driving against his parents'
wishes after failing to make the 1960 British Olympic shooting team. He
was twenty-three years old
—a late bloomer in auto racing
—when
he drove his first race at the Scottish airfield circuit Charterhall in
1962. He also married his wife Helen that year. By 1963 Stewart was
driving for his brother's old team, Ecurie Ecosse, and was noticed by
race team manager Ken Tyrell. Stewart out drove Bruce McLaren, already
an experienced F1 driver, in a test for Tyrell. McLaren would later head
the formidable McLaren racing team. Tyrell's offer to let Stewart drive
for him in the British Formula Three series in 1964, and Stewart's
subsequent domination of the series, pushed the young driver into the
spotlight as an F1 hopeful.
Stewart made a calculated decision about his 1965 start in F1 racing.
He turned down an offer from the legendary Team Lotus to drive
alongside fellow Scot Jim Clark in lieu of a more competitive spot
alongside Graham Hill on the BRM team. Clark's firm position as Lotus'
number-one driver would have placed Stewart chronically in his shadow.
At BRM, the hungry young driver would be able to shine. At the time of
his death in 1968, Clark was the winningest F1 driver in history, with
twenty-five career wins. Though he drove for BRM in 1965, Stewart made
his F1 debut in a Lotus car. He guest drove the Lotus, qualifying in
pole position in the nontitle Rand Grand Prix in South Africa in December 1964.
Survived Near-Fatal Crash A Champion
Stewart placed in the top six spots, earning championship points in
his first six Grand Prix races. He qualified in pole position for a
nonchampionship race at Goodwood, and beat World Champion John Surtees
into second place in the International Silverstone Trophy race. He beat
teammate Graham Hill to the finish line at the 1965 Italian Grand Prix
at Monza. He finished the season third overall for the World
Championship, an amazing finish for a rookie driver. The 1966 season
started promisingly with a win for Stewart at Monaco, but technical
problems kept him out of the competition for the remainder of the
season, and he finished sixth in the World Championship. He almost won
the Indianapolis 500 that year, his first, but mechanical failure took him out of the race with only eight laps to go.
When he entered F1, the sport was "horrendously dangerous," he is quoted as saying in
Forbes.
"There were no seat belts worn, the medical care was pathetic, and
there was no firefighting equipment to speak of." Stewart witnessed the
deaths of many friends and rivals during his racing career, Jim Clark,
Jochen Rindt, and Francois Cevert among them. Like all F1 drivers of the
time, Stewart was driving without a seatbelt when he crashed during the
Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps in 1966. He ran off the track
while driving 165 mph in heavy rain, and proceeded to crash into a
telephone pole and a shed before driving into a farmer's outbuilding. A
ruptured fuel tank filled the cockpit with fuel, and could have ignited
at the tiniest spark with Stewart trapped inside. He was extracted from
what could easily have been a fatal crash, having suffered broken ribs
and shoulder and rib injuries.
Chronology
| 1939 |
Born June 11 in Dumbartonshire, Scotland |
| 1953 |
Begins competition shooting |
| 1954 |
Leaves school to work in family gas station |
| mid-1950s |
First drives Auston 16; brother Jimmy is injured in crash and retires from racing |
| 1959-62 |
Wins British, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, and English trap shooting championships |
| 1960 |
Fails to make the British Olympic shooting team |
| 1962 |
Drives first race at Charterhall |
| 1962 |
Marries wife Helen |
| 1963 |
Drives for Scottish Ecurie Ecosse team in a Cooper-Monaco sportscar |
| 1964 |
Drives the British Formula Three championship in a Cooper-BMC |
| 1964 |
Turns down prestigious Lotus F1 team position, signs with BRM |
| 1964 |
Drives as guest for Lotus in the Rand Grand Prix |
| 1965 |
Debuts with BRM and earns sixth place in South African Grand Prix |
| 1965 |
Wins Italian Grand Prix at Monza |
| 1966 |
Crashes during Belgian Grand Prix, becomes a champion of F1 safety reform |
| 1967 |
Leaves BRM for new Tyrell team |
| 1968 |
Loses F1 World Championship to Graham Hill |
| 1969 |
Wins first F1 World Championship |
| 1971 |
Wins F1 World Championship |
| 1973 |
Wins F1 World Championship, retires with record twenty-seven Grand Prix wins |
| 1973 |
Joins ABC Wide World of Sports; signs with Ford as engineering consultant |
| 1997 |
Launches Stewart Racing team with son Paul |
| 2001 |
Is knighted by the Queen of England |
Related Biography: Driver Jim Clark
Fellow Scot Jim Clark was the greatest racing driver on the track
when Jackie Stewart entered F1. Competition between the legend and the
rookie promised to develop into a rich rivalry, but Clark died before
Stewart had fully hit his stride. Born March 4, 1936 in Kilmany,
Scotland, Clark, like Stewart, went into racing against his parents'
wishes. He proved his mettle at first in friends' cars, but began to
attract attention in the Jaguar D Type he drove for the Border Reivers
team. After plans for an Aston Martin Grand Prix team collapsed, he
signed with Lotus to drive in the Formula Two and Formula Junior series.
His relationship with the manufacturer carried him into F1 with the
team, which was running the fastest cars, though not always the most
mechanically reliable. He first raced F1 in 1960, and was a leading
contender until his death. He won the World Championship in 1963, and
was challenged by newcomer Stewart for the 1965 title, which he also
took home. Reserved and gentlemanly, Clark preferred his family and farm
in Scotland to the cosmopolitan life of an F1 driver. He was just
beginning to come into his own in the spotlight when he died. Still
considered by many the greatest racing driver in history, Clark was
killed April 7, 1968 in a crash at Hockenheim.
Stewart emerged from the experience a lifelong champion of safety
reform who instituted countless changes in auto racing safety
regulations. He was able to return to the driver's seat after a few
weeks, and never again drove without a seatbelt, full-faced helmet, and
fireproof racing suit. BRM head Louis Stanley backed Stewart's safety
campaign to improve track and car standards and medical facilities.
Track improvements in the name of safety that were unpopular with
circuit owners have now become
the norm. "If I have any legacy to leave the sport I hope it will be
seen to be in an area of safety," Stewart is quoted as saying on the
Grand Prix Hall of Fame Web site, "because when I arrived in Grand Prix
racing, socalled precautions and safety measures were diabolical."
Went Out On Top
After a lackluster 1967 season with BRM, Stewart had outgrown the
fading team, and signed on to drive once again for Ken Tyrell, who was
heading up a new F1 team. The German Grand Prix at Nurburgring may be
Stewart's greatest race, according to Formula One Art & Genius
online. He drove the fourteen-mile, 187-corner track in torrential rain
and with a broken wrist, and beat Graham Hill to the finish line. "I
can't remember doing one more balls-out lap of the 'Ring than I needed
to," he is quoted as saying online at Formula One Art & Genius. "It
gave you amazing satisfaction, but anyone who says he loved it is either
a liar or wasn't going fast enough." Stewart lost the World
Championship to Hill that year, coming in second, but clinched his first
World Championship title in Tyrell's Matra-Ford in 1969. He qualified
at the front of the pack often during the 1970 season, but did not
regain the World Championship until 1971. Stomach ulcers kept him off
the track for many races of the 1972 season, but returned in 1973 to
drive another World Championship season. Unknown to his fans, Stewart
had decided early in the season that the year would be his last.
Just thirty-four years old, Stewart announced his retirement in 1973,
after winning his third Grand Prix title. "The key in life," Stewart
told
Sports Illustrated in 2002, "is deciding when to go into
something and when to get out of it." He broke Jim Clark's record with
twenty-seven career Grands Prix out of 99 entered, a record that
remained until
Alain Prost broke it in 1987. He was named both
Sports Illustrated 's Sportsman of the Year, and Wide World of Sport's Athlete of the Year, an honor he shared that year with football player
O.J. Simpson
. Stewart, who has admitted that he "got big-headed" during this time,
according to ABC Sports online, is also quick to point out, humorously,
that the race horse
Secretariat was chosen third for
the ABC honor. Secretariat apparently was not in contention for the
World, British, and Scottish Sportsman of the Year awards, which Stewart
also won in 1973. Stewart had managed to become a legendary racing
driver while remaining alive and in one piece, which is in itself an
accomplishment.
Retirement Was A Relative Term
He had managed to beat the odds in auto racing and had come out on
top, but Stewart also was "just plain bored, burned out, restless,"
Duncan Christy wrote in
Forbes. "Where was I going?" he
recalled asking himself. "What else was there to do? It was the same old
ground. I could have stayed on as a racing car driver. I mean, Mario
[Andretti] is the same age as I am.
A.J. Foyt is a lot older. But I would never have developed; I would never have expanded as an individual."
Retirement meant nothing to Stewart; it kept him out of the cockpit
but, career-wise, he remained very much in the driver's seat. He has
worked as an advisor and ambassador for several international companies,
including Ford and Goodyear Tire. "I knew it would be a good way to
make money without the capital investment and risk necessary when you go
into business yourself." He signed a five-year contract as an
engineering consultant for Ford Motor Company, working with Ford
engineers to improve handling. "American cars used to be like pregnant
elephants," he told
U.S. News & World Report, "Now, at least, Fords have become lean and clean in their response."
Stewart also joined ABC's
Wide World of Sports as a commentator, which made him a household name in the 1970s and 1980s. "
Wide World of Sports
had a considerable impact on my life in general," Stewart is quoted as
saying at ABC Sports online. "As a race driver it projected me in a way
in the United States
of America. I would otherwise never have been able to be put in the
minds of sports fans in America. It helped my commercial life, my
business life, and it helped my racing life. It was a good thing for me
to have done." He was voted Wide World of Sports' Personality of the
Year in 1973, which he was particularly honored by. "There's not country
in the world that could give your sports people
…
more focus or more illumination," Stewart told ABC Sports online. In
"such a galaxy" of American sports personalities, it was a "big thing"
to be non-American and win the award. Stewart also has admitted that his
title, "winningest driver in the history of Grand Prix," was like
currency in his many lucrative business deals.
Stewart moved his family to Switzerland
to avoid strict British tax laws early in his racing career, and he has
long been known for his globetrotting lifestyle. Stewart travels
upwards of 400,000 miles a year on the Concorde or in his private jet.
Though his friend Prince Charles did not knight him until 2001, Sir
Stewart has always kept company with royalty and celebrities, who adore
him. He has rubbed elbows with Sean Connery, Prince Edward, Steven
Spielberg, and Jordan's
King Hussein, to name a few. Beatle George Harrison taught his sons to
play guitar. Helen Stewart is godmother to Princess Anne's daughter
Zara.
Awards and Accomplishments
| 1965 |
Wins Italian Grand Prix at Monza |
| 1965 |
Third place, F1 World Championship |
| 1966 |
Seventh place, F1 World Championship |
| 1967 |
Ninth place, F1 World Championship |
| 1968 |
Second place, F1 World Championship |
| 1969, 1971, 1973 |
F1 World Championship |
| 1970 |
Sixth place, F1 World Championship |
| 1972 |
Second place, F1 World Championship |
| 1973 |
World record for 27 career wins |
| 1973 |
Named World Wide of Sports Athlete of the
Year and Personality of the Year; named World, British, and Scottish
Sportsman of the Year; and Sports Illustrated 's Sportsman of the Year |
| 2001 |
Knighted by Queen of England |
| 2001 |
Named Scotsman and Woman of the Year with wife Helen |
Where Is He Now?
Stewart founded a shooting school at Scotland's prestigious Gleneagle
Hotel in the early 1980s. Nearly thirty years after joining forces with
Ford, he signed on in February 2002 for another three years in research
and development with the American auto company. He has served since
1995 as president of the Scottish Dyslexia Trust. He has also been on
the boards of and a spokesman for Moet & Chandon champagne and Rolex
watches. Stewart's wife Helen was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2001
just eighteen months after their son Paul was told he had colon cancer,
which went into remission. "For years she stood waiting to see if I
would survive a race; now it's me waiting," Stewart is quoted as saying
by
Sports Illustrated in 2002. "The past two years are probably
the toughest thing I've had to deal with in my life." Stewart's younger
son Mark, who runs a television production company, is making a
four-part documentary of his father's life called
The Flying Scot.
All in all, Stewart's long-held record earns him status in
motor-racing history, but his impact on the sport is much greater than
statistics can show. Every driver on the track has Stewart to thank for
the safety mandates he championed that have saved many lives. Because of
his American media exposure, he is surely the most-known F1 driver in
the States. But his reputation as a class-act sportsman and businessman
are the result of a lifetime of integrity and good humor both on and off
the track.
FURTHER INFORMATION
Books
Henry, Alan.
Grand Prix Champions: From Jackie Stewart to Michael Schumacher. Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International, 1995.
Periodicals
Bechtel, Mark. "Catching up with
… Jackie Stewart, Auto racer September 6, 1971."
Sports Illustrated (February 25, 2002): 19.
Bronson, Gail. "As stars hawk their hidden talents
—some have more than a famous face and name to sell."
U.S. News & World Report (February 17, 1986): 44.
Christy, Duncan. "Jackie Stewart aims to please."
Forbes (May 10, 1993): 118.
"The art of pit-stop management."
Economist (August 10, 1996): 52.